I normally mess around with Landrovers but I think the principles will be the same.
You are looking to replace a 5 cylinder diesel lump with something more powerful/modern?
I was going to suggest the 5cyl CDi engine used in some Sprinters and the popular ML(so the engine should be available from the scrappies by now). Having looked on Wikipedia it appears Mercedes have already done this - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_G-Class#Models
What is the power and torque of your current engine? From the way my sprinter is moved by the 270CDi engine I would imagine it would provide quite a lively drive in the G-wagen. If you do go down this route you will need the full engine loom and ECU to run the new engine and I would also suggest a donor vehicle with a manual transmission to avoid some potential ECU issues. I am not suggesting for 1 minute that this would be an easy swap but it would be an interesting challange!
Does the G have the same 'steering box in way of turbo' as the w124/124s?
If not then a turbochrged 617 would be a straight swap.
The engine in yours in an om617 3litre straight 5, the same engine that is in my w123 300D.
Turbocharged versions where available, but only in LHD cars. In RHD cars the steering box is mounted where the turbocharger would sit. This is also true on the w124.
What I was asking was does the RHD G-wagen suffer the same problem?
If not, then you could easily fit a turbocharged om617 engine from any LHD w123 diesel.